Milzbrand or Anthrax "Don't panik"
The spleen fire is a bacterial infection illness, which concerns hoof animals primarily. Through close contact with animals gotten sick or by being busy with infected animal products the exciters can be transferred to humans. Depending upon entrance gate it comes to skin -, lung or intestine spleen fire. From crossing the exciters in the blood the Milzbrandsepsis leading rapidly to death results. The diagnosis results from the clinical picture, from which patient history and exciter-oh-point. The therapy of the choice is the early administration of penicillin.
The term spleen fire or also Anthrax an illness is named, which arises mainly with animals and therefore Zoonose one calls. The designation resulted from the observation that the spleen is discoloured as brown bread with animals gotten sick increased, like that and looks "burned" as.
The illness arises preferentially in warm countries. Particularly frequently hoof animals, like pigs, are concerned cattle, sheep, goats and horses. A transmission of the spleen fire on humans occurs at occupational groups, which have close contact to these animals or with products of these animals, as animal skins, meat or milk into contact to come. The spleen fire is in most cases therefore an occupational illness. In Germany this illness is rare with humans.
How dangerous this illness is however for humans, the fact shows that already promptly of military with spleen fire as biological weapon was experimented. Like that still today the Scottish island Guida with the exciter is so contaminated that also after over 50 years entering is lethal and therefore strictly forbidden. Here 2 became in. World war made by the British corresponding attempts with the spleen fire exciter. Fortunately it did not come so far to an employment of this biological weapon. Nowadays spleen fire exciters possess a set of states as weapons, which can be fired e.g. with shells or be brought with rockets over large distances to their goal. Notices also of terror, e.g. over the drinking water system of a large city are conceivable and possible. In particular the USA recognized the topicality of this danger and began to inoculate their soldiers against spleen fire.
The Milzbrandbazillus is due to a special protein cap (Polypeptidkapsel) in a position, important defense mechanisms of the human or animal cells to escape (Phagosomenfluechter). It forms particularly during its destruction poison materials (exotoxine), which are transferred to the environment. These poison materials damage the blood vessels into the smallest Aufzweigungen, the capillaries, so that the containers for red blood corpuscles (Erythrozyten) become permeable. The result of it are both an inflammation reaction and a bleeding. Both expresses itself as an blood-impregnated swelling, thus a hemorrhagic edema of the fabric concerned. Are preferentially concerned the lung, the intestine and the skin.
Them amount to few hours until several days.
The symptoms of the spleen fire depend on the respective infection place. The infection can by direct skin contact, by the inhalation of sporen or by the consumption of animals gotten sick and/or. Animal products happen.
By direct contact spleen fire pores arrive into small superficial skin injuries. After short time a red Knoetchen with a black center develops. From this fast a pus-filled vesicle develops. With a further expansion of the illness new vesicles arise and merge finally with one another into the Milzbrandkarbunkel (Pustula maligna). If such Karbunkel gets connection to a blood vessel, this can lead to a Sepsis, in the vernacular as "blood poisoning" designation.
A substantially rarer spleen fire illness with humans represents the lung spleen fire. The infection takes place here via the inhalation of sporen. They often stick to animal skins and tierhaaren and are usually over years sticking on. The lung spleen fire runs like a heavy pneumonia with strong bloody ejection, which is high-grade sticking on. The patients have high fever, frequently vibration frost, cough and difficulty in breathing.
3. Possibility of a spleen fire illness with humans exists in the intestine spleen fire. It results from the consumption of raw meat or ungekochter milk of animals gotten sick. Here bloody vomiting and bloody chairs are the center of attention due to the heavy hemorrhagic intestine inflammation.
The suspicion diagnosis results from patient history, e.g. animal contacts, occupation and the symptoms. The diagnosis becomes secured by a microscopic investigation by means of gram's stain and by an investigation of body secretions and/or reductions. Depending upon kind of illness one examines the liquid from vesicles, blood, coughed up Bronchialsekret as well as chair and puts on a culture for the rearing of the exciters.
From all 3 spleen fire forms a Milzbrandsepsis can develop with fever, vibration frost, skin bleedings, spleen enlargement and cycle shock. This Sepsis leads very fast to death.
The treatment must be begun as early as possible. As means of the choice highly proportions penicillin G given as follows:
Skin spleen fire : 5-8 Mill. Units per day intravenously for 1-2 weeks remaining forms : 20 Mill. Units per day intravenously for at least 4 weeks
Alternatively can be used Tetracyclin, Erythromycin or chloramphenicol.
Surgical interferences with skin spleen fire are strictly forbidden, since they save the danger of a further propagation of the illness in form of a Sepsis. Patients must be isolated. In the hospital the obligation exists to carry gloves for the personnel.
Lung and intestine spleen fire run without or with late therapy usually within 2-3 days deadly.
The most important form of the prophylaxis is the avoidance of the contact with animals gotten sick and their products. The obligation to register is to be kept absolutely. It extends to the message of the disease suspicion, the illness as well as death by spleen fire.
The spleen fire of the skin is transferred over the skin. It is however relatively harmless and heals often even without treatment automatically. Therefore here also no special preventive measures are necessary.
From the inhalation of the exciter, which leads e.g. to the lung spleen fire, one can protect oneself with a special mouth protection quite well. One can receive a such mouth protection for example in pharmacies.
A certified vaccine does not exist because of numerous side effects and uncalculable risks world-wide so far.
For more information have a look to german Robert Koch-Institutor call (phone 01888-754-3430, Monday - Friday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.).
